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Dr. Marla
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Hepatitis update
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 epatitis is an inflammation of the liver causing fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, dark urine, extreme fatigue and jaundice. There are viral and non viral causes of hepatitis, the two common viruses are hepatitis A and B.
Hepatitis A is the most common accounting for 20 to 40% of acute hepatitis in adults. Usually contracted through ingestion of a contaminated substance. There's been an increasing risk in recent years yet it's believed the actual number of cases are under-reported. Known local outbreaks and exposures in Canada have been due to contaminated water and food due to sewage runoff. In up to 25% of cases, the risk factor is unidentifiable. While hepatitis A is usually self limited and resolves on its own, the severity of illness or death risk increases with age. It lasts up to 10 weeks; while recovery might take a year. The likelihood of death is one to three per 1000, but increases to 12/1000 in people over age 50.
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Hepatitis B is caused by infection from blood or body fluids including sexual transmission. Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV and is often without any symptoms, particularly in children. Chronic Hep B carriers have increased susceptibility to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In up to 27% of cases, risk factors aren’t identified; for acute cases, over 12% are acquired through hospitalization, surgery and/or dental visits. It may clear spontaneously, however in many it does not. It can last up to three months with 1 to 2% mortality. After acute infection, chronic infection occurs in 2 to 10% with risk of long term complications. Hepatitis B has its highest incidence in age group 20-39.
Know the facts about hepatitis A and B, both at home and abroad, avoid behaviour that puts you at risk. Washing hands before and after food preparation, as well as proper hand washing techniques after using a washroom are critical. Avoid sharing objects of personal hygiene. Consider hepatitis A and B vaccines for you and your family, by speaking to your health care provider. H&L
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